phoslock-eu

Sandhurst Lake Fishery Case Study: Managing Internal Phosphorus in a UK Carp Fishery

Sat, 07 Mar 2026 12:55:23 GMT

Location: Sandhurst Lake Fishery, Berkshire/Hampshire Border
Fishery Owner: Nick Leach

This article is based on a case study prepared by Nick Leach, owner of Sandhurst Lake Fishery. The original document outlines the water-quality challenges experienced at the site and the lake management strategy implemented to address internal phosphorus loading.

The following article summarises the project and includes selected comments from Nick about the outcomes at the fishery.

The Challenge: Nutrient Pressures in Managed Fisheries

Across the UK, many fisheries and recreational lakes experience long-term water-quality pressures linked to nutrient enrichment. Phosphorus entering lakes from historic or catchment sources can accumulate in sediments and later be released back into the water column.

These processes are widely discussed in the context of eutrophication , where elevated nutrients can increase the likelihood of algal blooms and cyanobacteria occurring in freshwater environments.

Sandhurst Lake Fishery — a well-known specimen carp fishery located on the Berkshire/Hampshire border — experienced similar challenges.

Nick Leach explains:

“Like many urban lakes, Sandhurst Lake experienced declining water quality driven by elevated nutrient loads, particularly phosphorus, leading to algal blooms, reduced water clarity, and periodic ecological stress.”

Monitoring later identified a key underlying factor.

“Historical nutrient inputs had accumulated in the sediments, releasing bioavailable phosphorus back into the water column under certain conditions."

Testimonial

“Following the Phoslock® application, Sandhurst Lake showed measurable improvements in water quality, including improved clarity and fewer algal events.”
— Nick Leach, Sandhurst Lake Fishery

Understanding Internal Phosphorus Loading in Lakes

Many fisheries focus on controlling nutrient inputs from surrounding land. However, even when external inputs are reduced, phosphorus stored in lake sediments can continue to influence water quality.

This phenomenon, known as internal phosphorus loading , occurs when phosphorus bound in sediments becomes mobile and re-enters the water column through chemical or physical processes.

For fisheries managers and lake owners, this can mean that water-quality improvements are difficult to sustain without addressing phosphorus already stored within the lake system.

Lake Management Objectives at Sandhurst Lake

The management programme at Sandhurst Lake focused on improving water conditions while addressing the internal nutrient source.

As Nick Leach describes:

“Conventional management measures alone were insufficient to achieve sustained water quality improvement, prompting the need for an in-lake phosphorus control solution.”

Key objectives included:

Reducing bioavailable phosphorus concentrations in the water column
Interrupting internal phosphorus recycling from sediments
Improving water clarity and visual appearance
Reducing silt in combination with chalk applications
Supporting long-term fishery and lake management

Phosphorus Binding with Phoslock®

In response to these challenges, an in-lake phosphorus binding approach was implemented.

Phoslock® is a lanthanum-modified bentonite clay designed to bind soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in the water column and at the sediment–water interface. When lanthanum reacts with phosphate, it forms a stable, insoluble mineral.

This process reduces the concentration of bioavailable phosphorus in the water column and stabilises mobile phosphorus associated with lake sediments.

According to the project documentation:

“Phoslock® was selected as the preferred treatment due to its proven effectiveness in binding soluble reactive phosphorus and forming a stable, insoluble compound.”

Treatment planning considered several technical factors including:

Lake volume
Existing phosphorus concentrations
Sediment characteristics

Implementation at Sandhurst Lake

The treatment programme followed a structured lake management process.

Baseline monitoring
Pre-treatment monitoring established baseline water-quality conditions.

Controlled application
Phoslock® was applied evenly across the lake surface using controlled spreading techniques.

Post-treatment monitoring
Water-quality monitoring continued after application to assess changes in phosphorus concentrations and other indicators.

Observed Changes in Water Quality

Monitoring after treatment identified measurable changes in several water-quality parameters.

Reported outcomes included:

Significant reductions in soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP)
Improved water clarity and visual appearance
Increased stability of phosphorus associated with sediments
Substantially improved COD position across lake

These results indicate that phosphorus previously available for recycling within the system had been chemically bound and stabilised.

5 Questions with Nick Leach

1. What first made you realise Sandhurst Lake had a water-quality problem?

“Over time we noticed declining water clarity and more frequent water-quality issues that were affecting the overall condition of the lake.”

2. What management options did you consider?

“We had already tried a number of conventional approaches, but they didn’t deliver the sustained improvements we were looking for.”

3. Why did you decide to address internal phosphorus loading?

“Monitoring showed that a lot of the phosphorus influencing the lake was coming from the sediments rather than just the surrounding catchment.”

4. What differences did you observe after treatment?

“The most noticeable change was the improvement in water clarity and overall appearance of the lake.”

5. What advice would you give other fishery owners?

“Understanding what’s happening within your sediments is really important. Once you understand the phosphorus dynamics in your lake, you can start looking at the right management approach.”

Long-Term Fishery and Lake Management

Internal phosphorus loading can influence lake water quality over long timeframes. As a result, many lake management strategies include ongoing monitoring and periodic maintenance treatments.

At Sandhurst Lake, monitoring continues to support long-term planning.

“Continued monitoring and annual top-up applications are recommended to maintain water quality gains and support the long-term health of the fishery.

Key Takeaways for Fisheries and Lake Managers

Internal phosphorus loading can sustain elevated nutrient concentrations in lakes.
Addressing phosphorus stored in sediments can be an important part of lake management strategies .
Phoslock® provides a chemical binding mechanism for soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in water bodies.
Monitoring data is essential for designing and maintaining effective water-quality programmes in fisheries and recreational lakes .

If you manage a fishery, reservoir, golf course lake, or amenity water body , understanding internal phosphorus loading can help inform long-term water-quality management decisions.

Links

Original case study authored by Nick Leach (PDF)

Sandhurst Lake Fishery website: https://www.sandhurstlake.co.uk/

Sandhurst lake Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/sandhurst.lake

Phosphorus Under Control: From Persistent Pollutant to Manageable Parameter

Wed, 11 Feb 2026 09:58:27 GMT

A scientifically grounded approach to phosphorus management in lakes, reservoirs and urban waters

TL;DR

Excess phosphorus remains one of the most significant pressures on lakes, reservoirs and urban waters worldwide.
Both external inputs and historic sediment stores contribute to long-term water quality challenges.
Phoslock® is a lanthanum-modified bentonite developed by CSIRO to bind free reactive phosphorus in water and sediment.
Independent research and regulatory reviews confirm a strong safety profile and long-term stability.
Large-scale projects, including Kralingse Plas (Rotterdam), demonstrate measurable and sustained reductions in phosphorus concentrations.

The challenge: phosphorus enrichment and water quality pressures

Across Europe and globally, water managers continue to face complex nutrient pressures. Phosphorus enrichment remains a primary driver of eutrophication in freshwater systems.

Elevated phosphorus concentrations — from both catchment inputs and historic sediment accumulation — contribute to:

Declining chemical water quality
Reduced water clarity
Internal phosphorus loading from sediments
Increased risk of algal blooms and harmful algal blooms (HABs), including cyanobacteria
Ongoing management costs and regulatory pressure

Addressing phosphorus at its source and within sediments is therefore central to modern water quality strategies under frameworks such as the EU Water Framework Directive.

From scientific concept to practical phosphorus management tool

Phoslock® was developed in the late 1990s by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Australia and has been commercially applied since 2001.

The technology is based on lanthanum-modified bentonite (LMB). Lanthanum, a naturally occurring rare earth element, is integrated into a bentonite clay matrix.

When applied to water:

Lanthanum binds with free reactive phosphorus
An insoluble mineral (rhabdophane) is formed
The bound phosphorus becomes non-bioavailable
Binding occurs across the full pH range
Activity continues in both the water column and at the sediment–water interface until available lanthanum is exhausted

Unlike some alternative technologies, the material does not degrade over time and has no shelf life limitations, either in storage or following application.

Since its introduction, Phoslock® has been applied in public reservoirs, protected nature sites and urban lakes across multiple continents.

Safety and regulatory assurance

Independent laboratories and regulatory authorities across Europe and internationally have extensively assessed the composition and environmental behaviour of Phoslock®.

Findings from published studies and monitoring programmes show that:

The product is non-toxic to aquatic organisms
It does not alter pH
It does not generate secondary contamination in water or sediment
The bound phosphorus remains stable long term

Phoslock® is not a pesticide and is not subject to registration under FIFRA, based on the US EPA determination following review of materials received on 19 August 2011.

As Damian Whelan, General Manager Europe, explains:

“We place great value on independent testing and ongoing monitoring. The safety profile of Phoslock® is supported by a wide range of applications and hundreds of peer-reviewed publications. Transparency and trust are essential for everyone involved in water management.”

The technology is also referenced in the international research initiative Our Phosphorus Future, which highlights engineered solutions for global nutrient management.

Measurable performance in the field

Monitoring data from projects in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and Scandinavia demonstrate rapid and significant reductions in soluble reactive phosphorus and total phosphorus concentrations following application.

Results typically show:

Measurable decreases in phosphorus concentrations within days
Reduced sediment phosphorus flux
Improved chemical status under Water Framework Directive metrics
Sustained performance dependent on local conditions and external loading

Phoslock® can be deployed for targeted interventions or integrated into long-term phosphorus management programmes. Project design is based on site-specific assessment of hydrology, sediment chemistry and phosphorus budgets.

Case study: Kralingse Plas, Rotterdam

A leading European example is Kralingse Plas, an urban lake in Rotterdam.

For many years, the lake experienced persistent phosphorus enrichment from both sediment stores and catchment inputs. In 2021, in collaboration with the municipality of Rotterdam, the regional water authority Hoogheemraadschap van Schieland en de Krimpenerwaard, academic partners and the local community, a large-scale and tailored Phoslock® application was undertaken — one of the largest such projects in Europe.

Independent monitoring indicates:

Strong and sustained reductions in phosphorus concentrations
Improved water clarity
Continued low phosphorus levels four years post-application without re-treatment

Damian Whelan reflects:

“The Rotterdam project was a genuine milestone. It demonstrated how this technology can be applied at scale in a transparent and collaborative way. Four years later, levels remain very low, and residents still tell me how much they value being able to use and enjoy their lake again.”

The project is now referenced by other municipalities seeking cost-effective phosphorus management without major infrastructure works.

The concentrations of phosphorus and orthophosphate in Kralingse Plas decreased significantly following the application of Phoslock®.

Phoslock® permanently binds phosphate across the full pH range, so that it is no longer available in the water column or in sediments.

Global experience, locally tailored solutions

Phoslock® has been applied across Europe, Australia, North and South America, and China. It has also been used in high-profile projects such as the London 2012 Olympic Games and the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games.

Each site requires:

Detailed water chemistry assessment
Sediment phosphorus evaluation
Consideration of hydrological conditions
Alignment with regulatory frameworks

Application can be undertaken using standard water management equipment, with minimal operational disruption. Technical support is provided throughout planning, dosing calculation, deployment and post-application monitoring.

Phosphorus management as a foundation for resilient waters

Controlling excess phosphorus is a critical step in addressing eutrophication pressures and improving long-term water quality metrics.

By targeting free reactive phosphorus in both the water column and sediments, Phoslock® provides water managers with a scientifically validated tool that can be integrated into wider catchment and nutrient management strategies.

For municipalities, utilities, consultants and private water owners seeking:

Sustainable phosphorus control
Reduced internal loading
Regulatory compliance support
Transparent, independently supported performance data

Phoslock® represents a proven and practical option.

Technical documentation and further information

For detailed technical papers, safety assessments, case studies or site-specific consultations, please contact the Phoslock® Europe team.

Collaboration, transparency and evidence-based decision-making remain central to delivering resilient water bodies for future generations.

Phoslock® manufacturing set to resume, strengthening supply for European projects

Wed, 03 Dec 2025 11:26:08 GMT

Production restart strengthens long-term availability of lanthanum-modified clay for European water quality programmes

Phoslock Europe welcomes confirmation that manufacturing of Phoslock® will recommence at the Changxing facility in China, following a period of refurbishment and operational preparation. Production is expected to restart in January 2026.

Manufacturing at the Changxing plant was paused in 2021 after the closure of the China business. At that time, inventory levels were high and existing stock was sufficient to support global demand. Over recent years, continued deliveries into established markets have steadily reduced those inventories. Increased project activity during 2025 has further drawn on available supply, leading to the decision to replenish stock through renewed production.

During the past six months, the manufacturing facility has undergone refurbishment of plant and equipment. This work ensures the site is prepared to resume operations in line with current quality and safety requirements. The restart marks an important operational milestone for Phoslock®, supporting continuity of supply for lake restoration and phosphorus management programmes across Europe.

When production resumes, the Changxing facility will initially operate on a single shift. This is expected to deliver an annual output of around 3,000 tonnes of Phoslock®. The site retains the flexibility to move to two-shift operations if required, allowing production volumes to increase in response to future demand.

For European water managers, consultants, and project partners, the recommencement of manufacturing provides added confidence around availability of lanthanum-modified clay for long-term phosphorus management strategies. Phoslock® is widely used to bind free reactive phosphorus in the water column and at the sediment–water interface, supporting water quality objectives in lakes, reservoirs, and other freshwater systems.

Phoslock Europe continues to work closely with local distributors, regulators, and project teams to plan supply in line with anticipated project schedules. The restart of production strengthens this planning process by improving visibility of future volumes and delivery timelines.

As phosphorus reduction remains a key focus of many European water quality programmes, secure and reliable manufacturing capacity is essential. The resumption of production at Changxing supports ongoing efforts to manage internal phosphorus loading, meet site-specific water quality targets, and address the long-term drivers of eutrophication.

Further updates will be shared as production recommences and material becomes available for delivery into European markets.

For more information on Phoslock® in Europe, including technical documentation and project support, contact the Phoslock Europe team via www.phoslock.eu .

Advancing Phosphorus Management in Freshwater Systems

Sun, 30 Nov 2025 11:49:09 GMT

Aquatic Solutions UK Introduces a New Application Tool for Lanthanum-Modified Clay

TL;DR

Aquatic Solutions UK has developed a new application tool to support accurate placement of lanthanum-modified clay during lake and pond projects.
The system is designed to improve dose control, distribution consistency, and safe operation across varied site conditions.
High-quality application supports reliable phosphorus-binding work, with attention to even coverage, controlled release, and minimal sediment disturbance.
The new tool integrates with existing machinery and is suitable for both open water and shallow, sensitive locations.
Phoslock welcomes this advancement as part of wider sector efforts to improve freshwater management through sound phosphorus chemistry and well-documented field practice.

Effective phosphorus management remains a central objective for organisations responsible for lakes, reservoirs, and ponds across the United Kingdom. As many water bodies experience long-term nutrient enrichment/pollution, interest in safe, precise, reliable, and environmentally responsible treatment tools continues to grow.

Aquatic Solutions UK has developed a new in-house application system designed to support accurate and efficient placement of lanthanum-modified clay during lake and pond remediation projects. The tool has been engineered, tested, and refined by their technical team to improve dose accuracy, support consistent distribution, and operate safely across a range of site conditions.

Phoslock EU welcomes this development, which reflects the growing attention across the sector to high-quality treatment delivery and repeatable field performance.

Supporting High-Quality Phosphorus Reduction Projects

Lanthanum-modified clay is used internationally to bind free reactive phosphorus in the water column and at the sediment–water interface. When applied at the correct dose and under the appropriate conditions, this binding forms a stable, inert mineral that helps water managers meet long-term phosphorus targets and support broader eutrophication-management programmes.

Application quality plays a meaningful role in project outcomes. Key considerations routinely include:

Even distribution across the treatment area
Prevention of localised over- or under-dosing
Controlled release rates
Adaptability to varying water depths and site access
Minimal disturbance to sediments

Aquatic Solutions UK’s new tool aims to address these operational needs through a controlled delivery mechanism that integrates with their amphibious work platforms.

Engineering Features of the New Tool

While the full design details remain proprietary, the new system introduced by Aquatic Solutions UK demonstrates several practical advantages for phosphorus-binding projects:

Improved control of application rates
Enhanced stability during deployment in open water and nearshore zones
Compatibility with shallow or sensitive locations such as golf courses, nature reserves, and public parks
Integration with existing site machinery, reducing mobilisation times

The video released on their YouTube channel documents the tool in operation and provides an overview of its mechanical configuration.

A Long-Standing Collaboration

Aquatic Solutions UK has worked with lanthanum-modified clay for several years and delivers projects ranging from small ornamental ponds to large reservoirs. Their teams have extensive experience in sediment management, water-quality restoration works, and mechanical interventions such as reed cutting, weed removal using approved herbicides where appropriate, silt pumping, and dredging.

Their continued investment in specialised equipment reflects a shared commitment across the sector to high-quality freshwater management and improved environmental outcomes for communities and landowners.

Phoslock recognises the dedication of practitioners who continuously refine field techniques to support reliable water-quality improvements. Tools of this nature contribute to safer operations, greater dosing precision, and better documentation of remediation processes.

Looking Ahead

As water managers work to address nutrient pressures across the UK’s freshwater environments, the combination of sound phosphorus chemistry, accurate application, and long-term monitoring remains essential. Developments such as the new application system from Aquatic Solutions UK provide practical support to teams delivering complex fieldwork under diverse conditions.

Phoslock looks forward to ongoing collaboration with partners who share a commitment to responsible freshwater stewardship and the advancement of practical water-quality solutions.

Phoslock Water Solutions UK Sponsors UK & Ireland Lakes Network Conference 2025

Wed, 01 Oct 2025 12:23:20 GMT

Phoslock announced as a sponsor of the 2025 UK & Ireland Lakes Network Conference in Killarney, Ireland.

TL;DR:

Phoslock is one of the sponsors of UKILN Conference 2025.
Event takes place 14–15 October in Killarney, Ireland.
Theme: “Mirrors of Change: Reflections on Irish Lakes.”
Damian Whelan, Director Phoslock Water Solutions (UK) Ltd will attend with a stand.
Focus on sustainable phosphorus management in freshwater systems.

Phoslock Water Solutions UK is proud to be the main sponsor of the UK & Ireland Lakes Network (UKILN) Conference 2025, taking place in Killarney, Ireland, on 14–15 October.

This year’s theme, “Mirrors of Change: Reflections on Irish Lakes, Past, Present & Future” , will bring together experts, practitioners, and community representatives to explore the challenges and opportunities facing lakes and their catchments.

Director of Phoslock Water Solutions (UK) Ltd, Damian Whelan , will attend the conference with a stand to meet delegates, answer questions, and share insights into practical approaches for long-term phosphorus management in freshwater systems.

“We are delighted to support the UKILN Conference and contribute to such an important forum for knowledge exchange,” said Damian Whelan . “For more than 25 years, Phoslock® has been helping councils, water managers and communities achieve their water quality goals. Events like this provide the perfect platform to connect with stakeholders and highlight the role of sustainable phosphorus management in protecting our lakes for future generations.”

As one of the sponsors, Phoslock Water Solutions reaffirms its commitment to supporting organisations across the UK and Ireland in addressing nutrient challenges and safeguarding the quality of public water bodies.

For more details about the event, including the full programme, visit the UKILN website .

Insights@Phoslock- A look back to look forward.

Tue, 09 Sep 2025 13:34:40 GMT

Demonstrating the effectiveness of phosphorus-binding technology in reducing algal blooms and improving freshwater quality.

Restoring Loch Flemington: A Landmark Case for Phosphorus Control

In 2011, BBC Scotland reported on the dramatic recovery of Loch Flemington , a 35-acre kettle hole loch near Nairn, following decades of pollution and algal blooms driven by excess nutrients.. You can read the original article here: Saving Highland's Loch Flemington 'globally important' .

For years, this small but ecologically significant loch suffered from nutrient enrichment, leading to severe algal blooms. In 1995, an intense bloom of blue-green algae depleted oxygen levels and killed every trout in the loch in a single day. Community concerns dated back to the 1970s, when sewage discharges and catchment pressures first began to affect water quality.

By the early 2000s, local residents, scientists, and conservation groups faced the stark reality that traditional methods, such as the use of barley straw, were not reversing the damage. Draining or dredging the loch was ruled out due to ecological risk. A new solution was needed.

The Role of Phoslock

In 2009, the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) worked with the local community to apply Phoslock, a lanthanum-modified bentonite clay. Unlike algicides, Phoslock does not kill algae. Instead, it targets the root cause of nutrient rich water by binding with free phosphorus in both the water and sediments. Without excess phosphorus in the water column, and sediment released phosphates, the signs of eutrophication, ageing water and poor water quality are managed and controlled to restore the natural balance of a fresh water system.

At Loch Flemington, Phoslock was applied as a one-off treatment within a restoration project.

Measured Results

Post-treatment monitoring showed:

Significant reductions in phosphorus concentrations .
A two-thirds reduction in nutrient driven issues compared with pre-treatment conditions.
Clearer water and improved ecological conditions , with continued recovery supported by community-led monitoring.

Importantly, Loch Flemington had an exceptional archive of long-term data. Records stretching back over 40 years allowed scientists to confidently measure changes in water quality before and after the treatment.

A Globally Relevant Case Study

The success at Loch Flemington was considered internationally significant. It demonstrated that targeted phosphorus control in natural water bodies is possible and effective, setting a model for lake restoration projects worldwide.

Community involvement was central to the loch’s recovery. Local volunteers carried out monthly monitoring, tested water quality, and helped control invasive aquatic plants. Their work, alongside CEH scientists, ensured reliable long-term data collection and ongoing stewardship.

Why This Matters Today

Loch Flemington remains one of the earliest and best-documented examples of Phoslock’s use in a natural freshwater environment. The results continue to inform projects across Europe and beyond, offering a sustainable method for managing eutrophication and preventing the damaging effects of nutrient pollution.

As Dr Alastair Noble, who led the community campaign, remarked in the BBC report:

“Water is the key to all human life. We cannot do without water, but we take it for granted. There is tremendous interest in how we restore water that has either been polluted, or is in the process of being polluted, to make it clean and usable.”

Loch Flemington’s story shows that with science, technology, and community commitment, even severely degraded water bodies can recover.

Talk to us

The success at Loch Flemington highlights what can be achieved when science and community action come together. Phoslock has since been applied in a range of freshwater projects across Europe, giving decision-makers a proven option for reducing phosphorus and tackling the root causes of poor water quality.

If you are responsible for managing a lake, reservoir, or other freshwater body, and would like to discuss how Phoslock could support your restoration goals, please contact Damian Whelan, General Manager for Europe . He will be pleased to provide guidance on whether this solution is suitable for your waterbody and share case studies relevant to your needs.

Exciting News: Phoslock Relisted on ASX!

Tue, 19 Aug 2025 07:05:56 GMT

Phoslock resumes trading on the ASX after two years, marking a new chapter for sustainable water treatment solutions.

We are thrilled to announce that trading of PET shares on ASX resumed on Friday, 15 August. This is an important milestone for the Company, following a suspension that had been in place for two years. During this time, shareholders could not sell or add to their positions, and the shares were in danger of being delisted. Thankfully, we were able to present convincing evidence to the ASX that the Company was a going concern and that it met all ASX requirements.

This accomplishment is a testament to the hard work and dedication of both the new PET board and the wider GM team, who have tirelessly worked to uphold the strengths and potential of this remarkable company.

The board has made significant strides in repositioning the company, ensuring that expenditures are aligned with our strategic goals and enhancing operational efficiencies. This diligent approach has laid the groundwork for sustainable growth and long-term success.

We would also like to acknowledge and thank our valued clients, both established and new, for their continued support. Your trust and collaboration play a pivotal role in our journey to provide innovative solutions in water quality management.

With this new chapter, we look forward to enhancing our impact on sustainable environmental solutions and building lasting relationships.

Here’s to the future and the ongoing success of Phoslock!

New Lake Management Project in Washington State

Sun, 17 Aug 2025 16:31:39 GMT

Washington State tests phosphorus-binding clay to improve lake water quality and support recreational use.

On 6 August 2025 , Fox News reported on a water quality treatment trial carried out at Rainbow Lake, Columbia County, Washington State . The initiative, led by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, explored new methods to improve lake health and ensure safe recreational use during the summer months.

The challenge

Like many small lakes, Rainbow Lake is subject to seasonal water quality issues. These are often linked to excess nutrients in the water, particularly phosphorus. Elevated phosphorus levels can accelerate biological growth, reduce water clarity, and disrupt recreational use.

The treatment

To address these conditions, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife worked with an environmental services company from Missoula, Montana. After consultation, they recommended Phoslock , a phosphorus-binding technology developed by Phoslock Environmental Technologies (PET).

Phoslock is a modified bentonite clay in which lanthanum replaces naturally occurring ions. When applied as an aqueous slurry to the water surface, the lanthanum binds strongly with dissolved phosphate, forming a stable mineral called rhabdophane . This mineral is insoluble and settles harmlessly to the sediment, effectively removing phosphate from the water column.

How it works in practice

Application method: Sprayed onto the lake surface as a slurry.
Mode of action: Phosphate is bound and locked into the sediment.
Longevity: The effect can last for 7–10 years before reapplication may be considered.
Safety: The product is safe for people, animals, and aquatic life when applied as directed.

Early results

According to the Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rainbow Lake has so far responded positively to the treatment. Recreational use such as swimming and fishing has continued throughout the summer without the interruptions typically seen in previous years.

What’s next

The Department plans to continue monitoring Rainbow Lake over the coming years. Further steps may include aeration or repeated application if required. While the trial has focused on a small lake, officials are considering whether the same approach could be applied to other water bodies across the state.

For more information about Phoslock and its applications in lakes, reservoirs, and ponds, please contact Damian Whelan, General Manager, Phoslock Europe . Damian can provide guidance on phosphorus control strategies, treatment suitability, and regulatory approvals across Europe.

Phoslock Launches Phos-Chat: A Digital Leap in Water Body Support

Wed, 07 May 2025 10:23:00 GMT

A new way to fight nutrient pollution with real-time expert advice and practical solutions

Phos-Chat is now live at phoslock.co.uk and phoslock.eu
Instant access to expert advice on nutrient pollution and water body health
Photo-sharing and Q&A for real-time support on lakes, ponds, and wetlands
Helps tackle seasonal issues , like phosphorus release in warmer months
Backed by 25+ years of experience and trusted solutions like Phoslock

Phoslock Environmental Technologies has unveiled Phos-Chat , a new online support system designed to connect water body owners directly with industry experts for instant advice, information sharing, and tailored solutions to nutrient pollution.

Available now on phoslock.co.uk and phoslock.eu , Phos-Chat leverages over 25 years of water body management experience, offering guidance on everything from nutrient build-up to long-term water quality restoration.

Phos-Chat enables users to share photos and questions about their lakes, ponds, or wetlands, receiving real-time feedback from a team that has restored hundreds of water bodies worldwide-including Sites of Special Scientific Interest and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. This interactive approach is particularly vital during seasonal transitions, when water health issues often intensify.

As spring turns to summer, rising temperatures and increased sunlight can trigger the release of nutrients like phosphorus, fuelling water quality problems that may have built up silently over winter. Nutrients don’t disappear in colder months; they remain in sediments, poised to drive water quality and health issues as soon as conditions change.

Damian Whelan, Director UK, says:

“Phos-Chat is a game-changer for our clients. For the first time, water body owners can instantly share their concerns, upload photos, and get direct answers from our team-backed by over 25 years of water management experience. This tool bridges the gap between sometimes complex science and practical, on-the-ground support, giving clients the peace of mind they need all year round.”

He adds:

“Having worked across the UK and internationally for nearly three decades, I know how vital it is for clients to access expert advice quickly-especially as water quality challenges become more complex with climate change and tighter regulations. Phos-Chat gives everyone, from homeowners to large site managers, a direct line to our expertise and proven solutions.”

Damian continues:

“We’re not just providing a product; we’re offering a partnership. Our clients can rely on us for tailored guidance, whether they’re managing a small ornamental pond or a designated conservation site. With Phos-Chat, support is just a click away, helping you stay ahead of nutrient pollution and keep your water safer, healthier and beautiful.”

With climate change expected to worsen nutrient-driven water challenges, tools like Phos-Chat are essential for providing timely support and peace of mind to water body owners.

By offering direct access to expert advice and proven solutions like Phoslock, a safe, sustainable technology that locks away phosphorus and prevents its harmful effects, Phos-Chat empowers users to maintain healthy, balanced waters year-round.

Comprehensive Solutions for Healthy Lakes: Managing Nutrients with F4ST & Phoslock®

Wed, 19 Mar 2025 15:33:39 GMT

F 4 S T A Holistic Approach to Lake and Catchment Management

Maintaining a healthy, beautiful lake requires addressing both internal lake conditions and external nutrient pressures from the surrounding catchment.

F 4 S T (Functional 4 Season Testing) —a service from Phoslock Water Solutions—provides a data-driven, year-round approach to lake management. It incorporates water, sediment, vegetation, bathymetry, and nutrient source point loadings to create a comprehensive picture of lake health.

When combined with Phoslock®, our proprietary phosphorus-binding technology, this integrated solution helps control nutrient pollution at both its source and within the lake itself.

Maintaining a healthy, beautiful lake requires addressing both internal lake conditions and external nutrient pressures from the surrounding catchment.

When combined with Phoslock®, our proprietary phosphorus-binding technology, this integrated solution helps control nutrient pollution at both its source and within the lake itself.

F 4 S T : Beyond In-Lake Testing

F4ST goes beyond simple water testing by incorporating catchment source point loadings into its analysis, ensuring that nutrient inputs from surrounding areas are identified and effectively managed.

Key Components of F 4 S T :

Catchment Source Analysis – Identifies both point-source (e.g., sewage outflows) and diffuse-source (e.g., agricultural runoff) nutrient contributions.
Sediment Density & Depth Testing – Determines phosphorus release potential from sediments, identifying areas where internal loading exacerbates external inputs.
Macrophyte Mapping – Tracks aquatic vegetation growth, highlighting invasive species and overgrowth hotspots.
Benthic Mapping – Monitors benthic activity, locations, and depths to understand sediment interactions.
Water Chemistry Analysis – Provides seasonal insights into chemical composition and water quality.
Sediment Analysis – Maps overall nutrient loading, integrating bathymetry and vegetation data for informed management decisions.

By evaluating both seasonal lake dynamics and external catchment inputs, F4ST offers a comprehensive, long-term framework for effective lake management.

Managing Catchment Nutrient Inputs

Nutrient pollution from agricultural runoff, urban stormwater, and wastewater discharges can significantly impact lake health.

F4ST enables targeted interventions to mitigate these issues, including:

Nutrient Reduction Strategies – Implementing buffer strips, wetland restoration, and other best management practices (BMPs) to filter nutrients before they enter the lake.
Hydrological Modelling – Using data analysis tools to predict seasonal nutrient transport patterns.
Catchment Management – Optimising e xternal nutrient reduction efforts for maximum impact.

Phoslock®: Targeted In-Lake Phosphorus Remediation

While managing external nutrient inputs is essential, addressing phosphorus already present in the lake is equally critical. Phoslock® provides a proven solution by :

Permanently Binding Phosphorus – Locking phosphorus in sediments to prevent internal loading, eutrophication, and cyanobacterial blooms.
Improving Water Clarity – Reducing phosphorus availability to inhibit excessive algal growth.
Eco-Friendly Application – A safe and effective solution that supports biodiversity while delivering long-term water quality improvements.

By integrating F4ST’s sediment density analysis and macrophyte mapping , Phoslock® applications can be precisely targeted to high-risk areas.

The Power of Integration: F 4 S T + Phoslock®

The synergy between F4ST and Phoslock® enables lake managers to tackle both external and internal nutrient challenges effectively:

Data-Driven Decisions – Identifying high-risk nutrient sources for precise remediation.
Seasonal Insights – Addressing nutrient fluctuations before they lead to algae blooms.
Sustainable Management Plans – Combining catchment management with phosphorus remediation for long-term water quality improvements.

Conclusion

F4ST’s holistic approach—integrating catchment source analysis, sediment testing, and macrophyte mapping—makes it an essential tool for modern lake management .

Paired with Phoslock®’s advanced phosphorus remediation technology , these solutions empower lake managers to maintain ecologically balanced, visually stunning water bodies year-round.

"Take control of your lake’s health by addressing challenges at their source—both within the lake and across its catchment—using F4ST and Phoslock®.

Together, they provide the tools you need to create lakes that thrive in every season!"

Damian Whelan,

Director of Phoslock Water Solutions (UK) Limited

Damian has over 28 years’ experience within the global Water industry, and is responsible for the effective delivery of solution led services, environmental consultancy and technology for both UK & international businesses operating in the regulated utility, private and environmental water sectors.

The Current Status of UK Freshwater and Its Decline Over the Last Five Years

Thu, 13 Mar 2025 18:11:52 GMT

Freshwater ecosystems in the UK, encompassing rivers, lakes, wetlands, and streams, are facing significant challenges.

Despite government initiatives and public concern, the ecological health of these vital water bodies remains poor and has shown limited improvement over the past five years.

Current Status of UK Freshwater:

1. Ecological Health:

Around 16% of assessed surface waters in England meet “good ecological status,” with limited rivers achieving “good chemical status” due to pollution.
In Wales, circa 46% of rivers meet good ecological standards, while Northern Ireland reports only around 31% of water bodies as good or high quality.

2. Pollution Sources:

Major pollutants include agricultural runoff (nitrogen and phosphorous), untreated sewage discharges, chemical waste from industries, and plastic pollution.
Urbanisation and storm overflow discharges exacerbate pollution in downstream areas.

3. Groundwater Levels:

Groundwater levels in England are projected to remain above normal for much of 2025 due to recent rainfall patterns, but this does not directly address legacy water quality issues.

4. Biodiversity Decline:

Freshwater biodiversity is declining faster than in terrestrial or marine ecosystems. Eutrophication caused by ageing water and nutrient pollution has disrupted food chains and habitats.

Rate of Decline Over the Last Five Years

1. Minimal Progress:

Since 2020, there has been little improvement in meeting ecological standards. The percentage of English rivers achieving good status has stagnated at 14%, reflecting systemic challenges in addressing pollution.

2. Sewage Discharges:

Sewage overflows remain a critical issue. Public outcry has led to government commitments to stricter regulations, but implementation has been slow.

3. Agricultural Pollution:

Despite initiatives to reduce agricultural runoff, progress toward reducing nitrogen and phosphorous levels by 40% by 2038 remains limited, and challenges remain.

4. Climate Change Impact:

Fluctuating weather patterns and drought risks have further stressed freshwater systems and ground water storage complicating efforts to restore ecological balance.

Government Actions and Challenges

1. Policy Initiatives:

The UK Government’s Environmental Improvement Plan (2023) and Plan for Water (2023) aim to restore 75% of water bodies to good status “as soon as practicable”.
The Environment Act (2021) set legally binding targets for reducing agricultural pollution and improving sewage management.

2. Barriers to Progress:

Insufficient investment in monitoring freshwater ecosystems.
Regulatory gaps in addressing emerging threats like microplastics and climate-induced changes.
Long winded procurement processes to select and adopt proven technologies.

Conclusion

The state of UK freshwater ecosystems is a cause for concern, with limited progress made over the last five years. Achieving meaningful improvements will require stricter enforcement of pollution controls, greater investment in infrastructure, and collaboration between government agencies, environmental groups, technology providers and local communities.

Without urgent action, the decline in freshwater health will continue to jeopardise biodiversity, human health, and water security.

Phoslock: The Safe and Sustainable Solution for Restoring Water Quality

Mon, 09 Dec 2024 11:42:21 GMT

Water pollution and nutrient overload are growing global challenges, threatening aquatic ecosystems, biodiversity, and economic activities.

Phoslock®, a lanthanum-modified bentonite (LMB) technology, offers a scientifically proven, environmentally safe, and commercially valuable solution for addressing these issues.

By targeting excess phosphorus—the primary driver of water quality degradation—Phoslock provides a long-term remedy for restoring water bodies while ensuring safety for aquatic life, humans, and the environment.

How Phoslock Works: A Unique Approach to Phosphorus Management

Phoslock was developed by CSIRO (Australia’s national science agency) as an advanced in-lake treatment to bind and immobilise phosphorus. Its unique formulation combines lanthanum with bentonite clay to deliver unparalleled safety and effectiveness:

1. Phosphorus Binding:

Upon application, lanthanum reacts with soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in the water column or sediment to form lanthanum phosphate (LaPO₄), an inert and stable compound.

2. Bentonite Carrier:

The bentonite clay acts as a physical carrier for lanthanum, ensuring it remains immobilized until it reacts with phosphorus. This prevents the release of free lanthanum into the water column, even if excess product is applied.

3. Sediment Stability:

Once applied, Phoslock settles on the sediment layer, creating a barrier that prevents phosphorus from being released back into the water under anoxic or changing pH conditions.

3. Stable Water:

Phoslock does not significantly alter water chemistry, such as pH or conductivity, during or after its application. Unlike traditional treatments like iron or aluminium salts, it avoids the need for pH buffering and prevents stress on aquatic organisms caused by pH changes.

Why Phoslock is Safer Than Other Lanthanum Technologies

Not all lanthanum-based solutions share the same safety profile as Phoslock. Liquid lanthanum formulations or technologies without a carrier rely solely on precise dosing to avoid free lanthanum in the water column. In contrast:

Free Lanthanum Prevention: Phoslock’s bentonite carrier ensures that any unreacted lanthanum remains bound within its structure, significantly reducing ecological risks.
Environmental Protection: Free lanthanum ions () can be toxic to aquatic organisms if they accumulate in the water column. Phoslock eliminates this risk by immobilising lanthanum within its bentonite matrix.

Regulatory Compliance: Phoslock is certified for use in drinking water reservoirs (e.g., NSF/ANSI 60), meeting strict international safety standards.

This built-in safety mechanism makes Phoslock a superior choice compared to other technologies that lack a carrier to prevent free lanthanum dispersal.

Commercial Value: Restoring Water Bodies and Driving Economic Benefits

Phoslock is not only an environmentally friendly solution but also a commercially viable & valuable tool for managing nutrient pollution:

Long-Term Effectiveness: By permanently locking phosphorus, Phoslock provides sustained improvements in water quality, reducing the need for repeated treatments.
Versatile Applications: It has been successfully applied to lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, and canals worldwide, including high-profile conservation areas, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and drinking water supplies.
Economic Impact: Cleaner water bodies enhance recreational opportunities, wellness, fisheries productivity, business and property values while reducing costs associated with reactive treatments or ecosystem collapse.

Proven Results Across the Globe:

With over 300 successful projects in 20+ countries, Phoslock has demonstrated its ability to transform degraded water bodies into thriving ecosystems:

Ecological Recovery: By reducing internal phosphorus loads, Phoslock creates conditions conducive to biodiversity restoration.
Global Recognition: It has been extensively tested by regulators and scientific institutions worldwide and complies with stringent environmental guidelines like the U.S. Clean Water Act and EU Water Framework Directive.
Commercial Success: Large-scale applications in Europe’s freshwater systems highlight its scalability and reliability.

Phoslock: The Future of Water Remediation

Phoslock stands out as a clean, geo-engineered green solution for reversing eutrophication and restoring balance to aquatic ecosystems. Its innovative use of bentonite clay ensures unmatched safety by preventing free lanthanum release while delivering long-lasting results. For governments, industries, businesses, water managers and environmental organisations seeking safe sustainable water management tools, Phoslock offers both ecological benefits and commercial value.

Why I Work at Phoslock: Protecting More Than Freshwater—Safeguarding Our Planet

Thu, 10 Oct 2024 10:29:55 GMT

When I joined Phoslock Environmental Technologies (2021), I knew I was stepping into a role that was about more than just improving water quality.

For me, it’s not just about saving freshwater systems—it’s about addressing the interconnected challenges that threaten the planet we all share.

From combating climate change to preserving biodiversity, the work we do at Phoslock ripples far beyond the lakes and fresh water systems we treat. It’s about creating a healthier environment for everyone, everywhere.

Eutrophication: A Global Threat with Local and Global Impacts

Eutrophication is a silent crisis. Excess nutrients like phosphorus seep into our freshwater and brackish systems through agricultural runoff, urban wastewater, industrial discharges, and even natural processes. Over time, these nutrients accumulate in sediments and disrupt the natural balance of many ecosystems.

These consequences are far-reaching:

Oxygen Depletion : Nutrient overloads lead to hypoxic or anoxic zones where aquatic life cannot survive.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions : Decomposing organic matter in nutrient-rich waters releases methane and carbon dioxide, significantly contributing to global warming.
Biodiversity Loss : Sensitive species vanish as ecosystems collapse under the strain of nutrient pollution.
Economic Costs : Fisheries, tourism, and water treatment systems suffer from degraded water quality.

These impacts extend beyond freshwater bodies, affecting downstream environments, atmospheric systems, and human communities.

Natural Eutrophication: A Slow but Significant Process

While much of the focus is on human-driven eutrophication, it’s important to recognise that eutrophication also occurs naturally over time. Natural eutrophication unfolds gradually over centuries or millennia and is driven by processes such as:

Sediment Accumulation : Organic-rich sediments settle at the bottom of lakes and rivers, storing nutrients like phosphorus that can be released back into the water under certain conditions.
Vegetation Decay : Dead plant material decomposes in and around water bodies, releasing nutrients that fuel primary productivity.
Natural Events : Heavy rainfall, floods or landslides transport organic matter and minerals into aquatic systems, enriching them with nutrients.
Geological Weathering : The slow breakdown of phosphate-rich rocks contributes to nutrient loads in freshwater systems.

While natural eutrophication is a much slower process than human-driven eutrophication, its impacts can still lead to oxygen depletion, changes in ecosystem productivity, and shifts in species composition over time.

How Phoslock Helps Freshwater—and Beyond:

Phoslock is more than just a solution for nutrient pollution; it’s a tool for environmental restoration with benefits that stretch outward and upward:

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
By binding phosphorus in sediments and preventing its release into the water column, Phoslock curtails the decomposition processes that produce methane and carbon dioxide. This directly mitigates one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions from freshwater systems.
Restoring Ecosystem Brilliance
Phoslock improves water quality by permanently locking away phosphorus, enabling oxygen levels to recover and aquatic ecosystems to stabilise. Healthier ecosystems sequester more carbon naturally, contributing to climate regulation while supporting biodiversity.
Managing Natural Eutrophication
Even in naturally eutrophic systems where nutrient accumulation occurs over centuries, Phoslock can prevent internal phosphorus cycling from sediments, stabilising oxygen levels and maintaining ecosystem health without disrupting natural processes.
Protecting Downstream Environments
Nutrient pollution doesn’t stop at lakes or reservoirs—it flows downstream into rivers, estuaries, and coastal areas. By tackling phosphorus at its source, Phoslock prevents further degradation of these interconnected ecosystems.
Supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Phoslock aligns with global priorities like the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (clean water and sanitation). Cleaner water fosters healthier communities, supports fisheries, and reduces economic losses tied to poor water quality.

A Mission That Matters

Working at Phoslock means being part of a mission that addresses some of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time. It’s about restoring balance to ecosystems while contributing to broader planetary health. Every lake treated is a step toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting biodiversity, and ensuring clean water for future generations.

For me, this isn’t just a job—it’s a responsibility to the planet we all depend on. By tackling both human-driven and natural eutrophication with safe innovative solutions like Phoslock, we’re not just saving freshwater systems; we’re safeguarding our shared future. Together, we’re proving that local actions can have global impacts—restoring our waters while protecting the air above us and the land beyond us for generations to come.

Phoslock Strengthens European Leadership: Damian Whelan Appointed Director of Phoslock Water Solutions (UK) Limited

Wed, 19 Jun 2024 06:55:14 GMT

Phoslock Water Solutions is pleased to announce that Damian Whelan has been appointed as a Director of Phoslock Water Solutions (UK) Limited as of May 2022.

This follows his tenure as European General Manager since September 2021, where he has played a pivotal role in expanding the company’s presence and projects across the region.

With over 25 years of experience in the water, wastewater, and environmental sectors, Damian has been instrumental in driving Phoslock’s growth in Europe. His background includes leadership roles in municipal and industrial water treatment, previously serving as Head of Industry – Water at Bilfinger UK Limited. He has also held senior positions at Xylem Water Solutions, MultiTrode, Germanischer Lloyd (DNV), and Evides Industry Water.

Since joining Phoslock, Damian has overseen significant projects, including the application of Phoslock at Kralingse Plas in the Netherlands, one of Europe’s most high-profile lake restoration projects. He continues to work closely with stakeholders and partners to advance sustainable solutions for phosphorus removal and freshwater restoration.

Damian’s leadership reflects Phoslock’s commitment to providing scientifically backed, environmentally responsible water treatment solutions. His appointment marks an important milestone in the company’s European strategy as we continue to deliver effective technologies for combating eutrophication and improving water quality worldwide.

For more on Damian’s background and expertise, visit his LinkedIn profile .

phoslock-eu

Sandhurst Lake Fishery Case Study: Managing Internal Phosphorus in a UK Carp Fishery

Location: Sandhurst Lake Fishery, Berkshire/Hampshire Border Fishery Owner: Nick Leach

The Challenge: Nutrient Pressures in Managed Fisheries

Testimonial

Understanding Internal Phosphorus Loading in Lakes

Lake Management Objectives at Sandhurst Lake

Phosphorus Binding with Phoslock®

Implementation at Sandhurst Lake

Observed Changes in Water Quality

5 Questions with Nick Leach

1. What first made you realise Sandhurst Lake had a water-quality problem?

2. What management options did you consider?

3. Why did you decide to address internal phosphorus loading?

4. What differences did you observe after treatment?

5. What advice would you give other fishery owners?

Long-Term Fishery and Lake Management

Key Takeaways for Fisheries and Lake Managers

Links

Phosphorus Under Control: From Persistent Pollutant to Manageable Parameter

A scientifically grounded approach to phosphorus management in lakes, reservoirs and urban waters

TL;DR

The challenge: phosphorus enrichment and water quality pressures

From scientific concept to practical phosphorus management tool

Safety and regulatory assurance

Measurable performance in the field

Case study: Kralingse Plas, Rotterdam

Global experience, locally tailored solutions

Phosphorus management as a foundation for resilient waters

Technical documentation and further information

Phoslock® manufacturing set to resume, strengthening supply for European projects

Production restart strengthens long-term availability of lanthanum-modified clay for European water quality programmes

Advancing Phosphorus Management in Freshwater Systems

Aquatic Solutions UK Introduces a New Application Tool for Lanthanum-Modified Clay

TL;DR

Phoslock Water Solutions UK Sponsors UK & Ireland Lakes Network Conference 2025

Phoslock announced as a sponsor of the 2025 UK & Ireland Lakes Network Conference in Killarney, Ireland.

Insights@Phoslock- A look back to look forward.

Demonstrating the effectiveness of phosphorus-binding technology in reducing algal blooms and improving freshwater quality.

Restoring Loch Flemington: A Landmark Case for Phosphorus Control

The Role of Phoslock

Measured Results

A Globally Relevant Case Study

Why This Matters Today

Talk to us

Exciting News: Phoslock Relisted on ASX!

Phoslock resumes trading on the ASX after two years, marking a new chapter for sustainable water treatment solutions.

New Lake Management Project in Washington State

Washington State tests phosphorus-binding clay to improve lake water quality and support recreational use.

The challenge

The treatment

How it works in practice

Early results

What’s next

Phoslock Launches Phos-Chat: A Digital Leap in Water Body Support

A new way to fight nutrient pollution with real-time expert advice and practical solutions

Comprehensive Solutions for Healthy Lakes: Managing Nutrients with F4ST & Phoslock®

F 4 S T A Holistic Approach to Lake and Catchment Management

When combined with Phoslock®, our proprietary phosphorus-binding technology, this integrated solution helps control nutrient pollution at both its source and within the lake itself.

When combined with Phoslock®, our proprietary phosphorus-binding technology, this integrated solution helps control nutrient pollution at both its source and within the lake itself.

F 4 S T : Beyond In-Lake Testing

Key Components of F 4 S T :

Managing Catchment Nutrient Inputs

Phoslock®: Targeted In-Lake Phosphorus Remediation

The Power of Integration: F 4 S T + Phoslock®

Conclusion

"Take control of your lake’s health by addressing challenges at their source—both within the lake and across its catchment—using F4ST and Phoslock®.

Together, they provide the tools you need to create lakes that thrive in every season!"

The Current Status of UK Freshwater and Its Decline Over the Last Five Years

Freshwater ecosystems in the UK, encompassing rivers, lakes, wetlands, and streams, are facing significant challenges.

Despite government initiatives and public concern, the ecological health of these vital water bodies remains poor and has shown limited improvement over the past five years.

Current Status of UK Freshwater:

1. Ecological Health:

2. Pollution Sources:

3. Groundwater Levels:

4. Biodiversity Decline:

Rate of Decline Over the Last Five Years

1. Minimal Progress:

2. Sewage Discharges:

3. Agricultural Pollution:

Location: Sandhurst Lake Fishery, Berkshire/Hampshire Border
Fishery Owner: Nick Leach